Statistics

The undergraduate major at Berkeley provides a systematic and thorough grounding in applied and theoretical statistics as well as probability. The quality and dedication of the teaching staff and faculty are extremely high. A major in Statistics from Berkeley is an excellent preparation for a career in science or industry, or for further academic study in a wide variety of fields. The department has particular strength in Machine Learning, a key ingredient of the emerging field of Data Science. It is also very useful to combine studies of statistics and probability with other subjects. Our department excels at interdisciplinary science, and more than half of the department's undergraduate students are double or triple majors.

Students interested in teaching statistics and mathematics in middle or high school should pursue the teaching option within the major. Students interested in teaching should also consider the Cal Teach Program.

Declaring the Major

Beginning Fall 2024, new students are admitted directly into the Statistics major in the College of Computing, Data Science, and Society (CDSS) and will already be declared. Students in other colleges at UC Berkeley interested in the Statistics major should refer to the Statistics Prospective Majors/Minors page and CDSS Frequently Asked Questions.

Minor Program

The minor is for students who want to study a significant amount of statistics and probability at the upper division level. For information regarding the requirements, please see the Minor Requirements tab on this page.

For detailed information regarding the process of declaring the minor, please see the Statistics Department website.

Major Requirements

In addition to the University, campus, and college requirements, listed on the College Requirements tab, students must fulfill the below requirements specific to their major program.

General Guidelines

1. All courses taken to fulfill the major requirements below must be taken for graded credit, other than courses listed which are offered on a Pass/No Pass basis only. Other exceptions to this requirement are noted as applicable.
2. No more than one upper division course may be used to simultaneously fulfill requirements for a student's major and minor programs, with the exception of minors offered outside of the College of Letters & Science.
3. A minimum grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 must be maintained in both upper and lower division courses used to fulfill the major requirements.

For information regarding residency requirements and unit requirements, please see the College Requirements tab.

Prerequisites

Upper Division Requirements (Nine Courses)

Upper Division Requirements: Teaching Option (Nine Courses)

Cluster Course Information

Two of the best reasons to study statistics are the immense variety of important and exciting real-world questions we can answer through careful data analysis, as well as the broad range of technical fields with close connections to statistics. No major is complete without encountering the fields that interface closely with statistics.

The applied cluster is a chance to learn about areas in which Statistics can be applied, and to learn specialized techniques not taught in the Statistics Department. Students need to design your own Cluster. The courses should have a unifying theme. Picking your own Cluster is a valuable exercise that gives you a chance to explore and refine your interests and to develop a coherent course of study. A pre-approved list has been provided. However, it is not exhaustive. Clusters may consist of courses from more than one department, but at least two must be approved courses from the same department. If students would like to use a course that is not on the list or select three courses from three different departments, the Head Undergraduate Faculty Adviser must approve the proposed cluster.

Economics and Business courses are treated as though they are in the same department for purposes of evaluating clusters. The same is true for courses in EE, CS, and EECS. Likewise, courses concerning social and ethical aspects of statistics including CYPLAN 101, INFO 188, PHILOS 121, and DATA C104 / HISTORY C184D / STS C1040 are treated as though they are in the same department even if offered in different departments.

Cluster Guidelines
Courses must be: u pper division courses, a t least 3 units, and must be t aken for a letter grade.

Courses with statistics prerequisites are often acceptable. Courses that are similar to Statistics courses are not acceptable. If an approved cluster course has a credit restriction with another approved course, both cannot be used for the applied cluster (refer to the Berkeley Academic Guide for credit restrictions, click on “read more” under the course description).

Content Criteria:
Generally, to be an acceptable cluster course, a course should meet at least one of the following three criteria:

1. The course centers on questions about ethical data analysis or experimental methodology.
2. The course is focused on a substantive area of natural sciences or social sciences, and includes a significant quantitative or data analysis component as part of the course requirements.
3. The course is in a related technical field like mathematics, computer science, engineering, or operations research.

​Sample Clusters

Below is a list of sample clusters for students to consider if they would like an idea of courses to combine for their cluster based on a topic of interest.

• Economics and Finance: Econ 101A, Econ 101B and UGBA 103
• Math: Math 110, Math 104, and Math 128B
• Public Health/Biostatistics graduate school: Math 110, Pb Hlth 150A, and Pb Hlth 150B
• Public Policy: Pub Policy C103, Pub Pol C142/Econ C142/Pol Sci C131A, and Pb Hlth 126
• Social and Ethical Aspects of Statistics: CYPLAN 101, INFO 188, and DATA C104 / HISTORY C184D / STS C1040

Approved Cluster Courses

Of the three applied cluster courses required for the major, at least two must be approved courses from the same department. This is not an exhaustive list.

IND ENG 172 cannot be used to fulfill this requirement.

Due to overlap of course content, only one course from STAT 154 , COMPSCI 182 , COMPSCI 189 , and IND ENG 142 can be used to satisfy Statistics major requirements.

Students may use UGBA 102A and/or UGBA 102B for their cluster, but may NOT use UC Berkeley Extension's XB102A nor XB102B since, effective Spring 2014, the Haas School of Business no longer deems them equivalent (see http://www.haas.berkeley.edu/Undergrad/ugbacourses.html).

Due to overlap of course content, only one course from ECON 136 , ENGIN 120 and UGBA 103 can be used to satisfy Statistics major requirements.

MATH 170 cannot be combined with either IND ENG 160 or IND ENG 162 .

Due to overlap of course content, students may not use STAT 155 and ECON C110 / POL SCI C135 for the major.

Minor Requirements

Students who have a strong interest in an area of study outside their major often decide to complete a minor program. These programs have set requirements.

General Guidelines

1. All minors must be declared before the first day of instruction of their Expected Graduation Term (EGT).
2. All courses taken to fulfill the minor requirements below must be taken for graded credit.
3. A minimum of three of the upper division courses taken to fulfill the minor requirements must be completed at UC Berkeley.
4. A minimum grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 is required for courses used to fulfill the minor requirements.
5. Courses used to fulfill the minor requirements may be applied toward the Seven-Course Breadth requirements.
6. No more than one upper division course may be used to simultaneously fulfill requirements for a student's major and minor programs.

Requirements

College Requirements

Essential Skills

Computational Reasoning

The Computational Reasoning requirement is designed to provide a basic understanding of and competency in concepts such as programming, algorithms, iteration, and data-structures.

Human and Social Dynamics of Data and Technology

The Human and Social Dynamics of Data and Technology requirement is designed for the purpose of developing an understanding of how technology and data interact with human and societal contexts, including ethical considerations and applications such as education, health, law, natural resources, and public policy.

Statistical Reasoning

The Statistical Reasoning requirement is designed to provide basic understanding of and competency in the scientific approach to statistical problem solving, including uncertainty, prediction, and estimation.

Reading and Composition

The Reading and Composition requirement is the same as for the College of Letters and Science; it requires two semesters of lower division work in composition in sequence. Students must complete parts A & B reading and composition courses in sequential order by the end of their fourth semester.

To see how to satisfy the R&C requirement, visit the College of Letters and Science Reading and Composition Requirement page.

Breadth Requirements

The undergraduate breadth requirements are the same for CDSS students as for the College of Letters and Science, with the exception that a second semester foreign language course can be used to satisfy the International Studies breadth. To learn more about the L&S Seven-Course Breadth Requirement, visit the L&S Breadth Requirements page. To learn more about using a foreign language course to satisfy the International Studies breadth, visit the CDSS website page on Satisfying International Studies Breadth with a Foreign Language Course.

The undergraduate major programs in computer science, data science, and statistics have transitioned from the College of Letters & Science to CDSS. Students who were admitted in Spring 2024 or earlier have the option of completing either the L&S College Requirements, i.e., the breadth and essential skills requirements, or the CDSS college requirements (above).

All students must meet CDSS general policy (below). The one exception is with time-to-degree. Students admitted Fall 2022 or earlier are subject to the 130 unit maximum, rather than the 8 semester maximum (5 for transfer students).

Class Schedule Requirements

• Minimum units per semester: 12
• Maximum units per semester: 20.5

Academic (Grade) Requirements

• Minimum cumulative GPA: 2.0
• Minimum GPA for one semester: 1.5

Bachelor’s Degree Requirements

• Minimum total units: 120. Of these 120 units:
  • PE maximum units: 4
  • Special Studies maximum units: 16
  • Maximum 300-499 course units: 6

  For more information about CDSS requirements, visit student resources and information on the College of Computing, Data Science, and Society website.

  Student Learning Goals

  Mission

  Statisticians help to design data collection plans, analyze data appropriately, and interpret and draw conclusions from those analyses. The central objective of the undergraduate major in Statistics is to equip students with consequently requisite quantitative skills that they can employ and build on in flexible ways.

  Learning Goals for the Major

  Majors are expected to learn concepts and tools for working with data and have experience in analyzing real data that goes beyond the content of a service course in statistical methods for non-majors. Majors should understand the following:

  1. The fundamentals of probability theory
  2. Statistical reasoning and inferential methods
  3. Statistical computing
  4. Statistical modeling and its limitations

  Skills

  Graduates should also have skills in the following:

  1. Description, interpretation, and exploratory analysis of data by graphical and other means
  2. Effective communication

  Major Map

  Major maps are experience maps that help undergraduates plan their Berkeley journey based on intended major or field of interest. Featuring student opportunities and resources from your college and department as well as across campus, each map includes curated suggestions for planning your studies, engaging outside the classroom, and pursuing your career goals in a timeline format.

  Use the major map below to explore potential paths and design your own unique undergraduate experience:

  Courses

  Statistics

  Expand all course descriptions [+] Collapse all course descriptions [-]

  STAT 0PX Preparatory Statistics 1 Unit

  Terms offered: Summer 2016 10 Week Session, Summer 2015 10 Week Session, Summer 2014 10 Week Session
  This course assists entering Freshman students with basic statistical concepts and problem solving. Designed for students who do not meet the prerequisites for 2. Offered through the Student Learning Center.
  Preparatory Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Consent of instructor

  Hours & Format

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 4.5 hours of workshop per week
  8 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 4.5 hours of workshop per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam required.

  Instructor: Purves

  STAT 2 Introduction to Statistics 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
  Population and variables. Standard measures of location, spread and association. Normal approximation. Regression. Probability and sampling. Interval estimation. Some standard significance tests.
  Introduction to Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT 2 after completing STAT W21, STAT 20, STAT 21, STAT 25, STAT S2, STAT 21X, STAT N21, STAT 5, or STAT 2X.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 7.5 hours of lecture and 5 hours of laboratory per week
  8 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 4 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT C8 Foundations of Data Science 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022, Spring 2022, Fall 2021, Summer 2021 8 Week Session, Fall 2020
  Foundations of data science from three perspectives: inferential thinking, computational thinking, and real-world relevance. Given data arising from some real-world phenomenon, how does one analyze that data so as to understand that phenomenon? The course teaches critical concepts and skills in computer programming and statistical inference, in conjunction with hands-on analysis of real-world datasets, including economic data, document collections, geographical data, and social networks. It delves into social and legal issues surrounding data analysis, including issues of privacy and data ownership.
  Foundations of Data Science: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: This course may be taken on its own, but students are encouraged to take it concurrently with a data science connector course (numbered 88 in a range of departments)

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for DATA C8\COMPSCI C8\INFO C8\STAT C8 after completing COMPSCI 8, or DATA 8. A deficient grade in DATA C8\COMPSCI C8\INFO C8\STAT C8 may be removed by taking COMPSCI 8, COMPSCI 8, or DATA 8.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 4 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Formerly known as: Computer Science C8/Statistics C8/Information C8

  Also listed as: COMPSCI C8/DATA C8/INFO C8

  STAT 20 Introduction to Probability and Statistics 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
  For students with mathematical background who wish to acquire basic concepts. Relative frequencies, discrete probability, random variables, expectation. Testing hypotheses. Estimation. Illustrations from various fields.
  Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Mathematics 1A, Mathematics 16A, Mathematics 10A/10B, or consent of instructor.,One semester of calculus

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT 20 after completing STAT W21, STAT 2, STAT 5, STAT 21, STAT N21, STAT 2X, STAT S20, STAT 21X, or STAT 25. A deficient grade in STAT 20 may be removed by taking STAT W21, STAT 21, or STAT N21.,Students who have taken 2, 2X, 5, 21, 21X, or 25 will receive no credit for 20.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 20 Introduction to Probability and Statistics 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
  For students with mathematical background who wish to acquire basic concepts. Relative frequencies, discrete probability, random variables, expectation. Testing hypotheses. Estimation. Illustrations from various fields.
  Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Mathematics 1A, Mathematics 16A, Mathematics 10A/10B, or consent of instructor.,One semester of calculus

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT 20 after completing STAT W21, STAT 2, STAT 5, STAT 21, STAT N21, STAT 2X, STAT S20, STAT 21X, or STAT 25. A deficient grade in STAT 20 may be removed by taking STAT W21, STAT 21, or STAT N21.,Students who have taken 2, 2X, 5, 21, 21X, or 25 will receive no credit for 20.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 21 Introductory Probability and Statistics for Business 4 Units

  Terms offered: Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Summer 2022 8 Week Session
  Descriptive statistics, probability models and related concepts, sample surveys, estimates, confidence intervals, tests of significance, controlled experiments vs. observational studies, correlation and regression.
  Introductory Probability and Statistics for Business: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: One semester of calculus

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT 21 after completing STAT 20, STAT W21, STAT 25, STAT 2X, STAT 21X, STAT S21, STAT 5, STAT 2, or STAT N21. A deficient grade in STAT 21 may be removed by taking STAT 20, STAT W21, or STAT N21.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 7.5 hours of lecture per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT W21 Introductory Probability and Statistics for Business 4 Units

  Terms offered: Summer 2021 8 Week Session, Summer 2020 8 Week Session, Summer 2019 8 Week Session
  Reasoning and fallacies, descriptive statistics, probability models and related concepts, combinatorics, sample surveys, estimates, confidence intervals, tests of significance, controlled experiments vs. observational studies, correlation and regression.
  Introductory Probability and Statistics for Business: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: One semester of calculus

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Statistics W21 after completing Statistics 2, 20, 21, N21 or 25. A deficient grade in Statistics 21, N21 maybe removed by taking Statistics W21.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of web-based lecture per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 7.5 hours of web-based lecture per week

  Online: This is an online course.

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Formerly known as: N21

  STAT 24 Freshman Seminars 1 Unit

  Terms offered: Spring 2021, Fall 2016, Fall 2003
  The Berkeley Seminar Program has been designed to provide new students with the opportunity to explore an intellectual topic with a faculty member in a small-seminar setting. Berkeley seminars are offered in all campus departments, and topics vary from department to department and semester to semester. Enrollment limited to 15 freshmen.
  Freshman Seminars: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of seminar per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: The grading option will be decided by the instructor when the class is offered. Final exam required.

  STAT 33A Introduction to Programming in R 1 Unit

  Terms offered: Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
  An introduction to the R statistical software for students with minimal prior experience with programming. This course prepares students for data analysis with R. The focus is on the computational model that underlies the R language with the goal of providing a foundation for coding. Topics include data types and structures, such as vectors, data frames and lists; the REPL evaluation model; function calls, argument matching, and environments; writing simple functions and control flow. Tools for reading, analyzing, and plotting data are covered, such as data input/output, reshaping data, the formula language, and graphics models.
  
  Introduction to Programming in R: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT 33A after completing STAT 33B, or STAT 133. A deficient grade in STAT 33A may be removed by taking STAT 33B, or STAT 133.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of lecture and 1 hour of laboratory per week

  Summer: 6 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 33B Introduction to Advanced Programming in R 1 Unit

  Terms offered: Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
  The course is designed primarily for those who are already familiar with programming in another language, such as python, and want to understand how R works, and for those who already know the basics of R programming and want to gain a more in-depth understanding of the language in order to improve their coding. The focus is on the underlying paradigms in R, such as functional programming, atomic vectors, complex data structures, environments , and object systems. The goal of this course is to better understand programming principles in general and to write better R code that capitalizes on the language's design.
  
  Introduction to Advanced Programming in R: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Compsci 61A or equivalent programming background

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT 33B after completing STAT 133. A deficient grade in STAT 33B may be removed by taking STAT 133.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of lecture and 1 hour of laboratory per week

  Summer: 6 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 39D Freshman/Sophomore Seminar 2 - 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2008, Fall 2007
  Freshman and sophomore seminars offer lower division students the opportunity to explore an intellectual topic with a faculty member and a group of peers in a small-seminar setting. These seminars are offered in all campus departments; topics vary from department to department and from semester to semester.
  Freshman/Sophomore Seminar: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Priority given to freshmen and sophomores

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2-4 hours of seminar per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: The grading option will be decided by the instructor when the class is offered. Final exam required.

  STAT C88S Probability and Mathematical Statistics in Data Science 3 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2024, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Spring 2023, Fall 2022
  In this connector course we will state precisely and prove results discovered while exploring data in Data C8. Topics include: probability, conditioning, and independence; random variables; distributions and joint distributions; expectation, variance, tail bounds; Central Limit Theorem; symmetries in random permutations; prior and posterior distributions; probabilistic models; bias-variance tradeoff; testing hypotheses; correlation and the regression model.
  Probability and Mathematical Statistics in Data Science: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Prerequisite: one semester of calculus at the level of Math 16A, Math 10A, or Math 1A. Corequisite or Prerequisite: Foundations of Data Science (COMPSCI C8 / DATA C8 / INFO C8 / STAT C8)

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for DATA C88S after completing STAT 134, STAT 140, STAT 135, or DATA C102.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 4 hours of discussion per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Formerly known as: Statistics 88

  Also listed as: DATA C88S

  STAT 89A Linear Algebra for Data Science 4 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2021, Spring 2020
  An introduction to linear algebra for data science. The course will cover introductory topics in linear algebra, starting with the basics; discrete probability and how prob- ability can be used to understand high-dimensional vector spaces; matrices and graphs as popular mathematical structures with which to model data (e.g., as models for term-document corpora, high-dimensional regression problems, ranking/classification of web data, adjacency properties of social network data, etc.); and geometric approaches to eigendecompositions, least-squares, principal components analysis, etc.
  Linear Algebra for Data Science: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: One year of calculus. Prerequisite or corequisite: Foundations of Data Science (COMPSCI C8 / INFO C8 / STAT C8)

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 94 Special Topics in Probability and Statistics 1 - 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2015
  Topics will vary semester to semester.
  Special Topics in Probability and Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Consent of instructor

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 97 Field Study in Statistics 1 - 3 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2015, Spring 2012
  Supervised experience relevant to specific aspects of statistics in off-campus settings. Individual and/or group meetings with faculty.
  Field Study in Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of fieldwork per week

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 2.5-7.5 hours of fieldwork per week
  8 weeks - 1.5-5.5 hours of fieldwork per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam not required.

  STAT 98 Directed Group Study 1 - 3 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022
  Must be taken at the same time as either Statistics 2 or 21. This course assists lower division statistics students with structured problem solving, interpretation and making conclusions.
  Directed Group Study: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Consent of instructor

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2-3 hours of directed group study per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 4-6 hours of directed group study per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam not required.

  STAT C100 Principles & Techniques of Data Science 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Fall 2022, Fall 2021, Fall 2020
  In this course, students will explore the data science lifecycle, including question formulation, data collection and cleaning, exploratory data analysis and visualization, statistical inference and prediction​, and decision-making.​ This class will focus on quantitative critical thinking​ and key principles and techniques needed to carry out this cycle. These include languages for transforming, querying and analyzing data; algorithms for machine learning methods including regression, classification and clustering; principles behind creating informative data visualizations; statistical concepts of measurement error and prediction; and techniques for scalable data processing.
  Principles & Techniques of Data Science: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: COMPSCI C8 / DATA C8 / INFO C8 / STAT C8 with a C- or better, or Pass; and COMPSCI 61A, COMPSCI/DATA C88C, or ENGIN 7 with a C- or better, or Pass; Corequisite: MATH 54, 56 or EECS 16A (C- or better, or Pass, required if completed prior to Data C100)

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for DATA C100\STAT C100\COMPSCI C100 after completing DATA 100. A deficient grade in DATA C100\STAT C100\COMPSCI C100 may be removed by taking DATA 100.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture, 1-1 hours of discussion, and 0-1 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture, 2-2 hours of discussion, and 0-2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Instructors: Gonzalez, Nourozi, Perez, Yan

  Formerly known as: Statistics C100/Computer Science C100

  Also listed as: COMPSCI C100/DATA C100

  STAT C102 Data, Inference, and Decisions 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023
  This course develops the probabilistic foundations of inference in data science, and builds a comprehensive view of the modeling and decision-making life cycle in data science including its human, social, and ethical implications. Topics include: frequentist and Bayesian decision-making, permutation testing, false discovery rate, probabilistic interpretations of models, Bayesian hierarchical models, basics of experimental design, confidence intervals , causal inference, Thompson sampling, optimal control, Q-learning, differential privacy, clustering algorithms, recommendation systems and an introduction to machine learning tools including decision trees, neural networks and ensemble methods.
  Data, Inference, and Decisions: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Math 54 or 56 or 110 or Stat 89A or Physics 89 or both of EECS 16A and 16B with a C- or better, or Pass; Data/Stat/CompSci C100 with a C- or better, or Pass; and any of EECS 126, Data/Stat C140, Stat 134, IndEng 172, Math 106 with a C- or better, or Pass. Data/Stat C140 or EECS 126 are preferred

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for DATA C102 after completing STAT 102, or DATA 102. A deficient grade in DATA C102 may be removed by taking STAT 102, STAT 102, or DATA 102.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture, 1 hour of discussion, and 1 hour of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Formerly known as: Statistics 102

  Also listed as: DATA C102

  STAT C131A Statistical Methods for Data Science 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
  This course teaches a broad range of statistical methods that are used to solve data problems. Topics include group comparisons and ANOVA, standard parametric statistical models, multivariate data visualization, multiple linear regression, logistic regression and classification, regression trees and random forests. An important focus of the course is on statistical computing and reproducible statistical analysis. The course and lab include hands-on experience in analyzing real world data from the social, life, and physical sciences. The R statistical language is used.
  
  Statistical Methods for Data Science: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Statistics/Computer Science/Information C8 or Statistics 20; and Mathematics 1A, Mathematics 16A, or Mathematics 10A/10B. Strongly recommended corequisite: Statistics 33A or Statistics 133

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Formerly known as: Statistics 131A

  Also listed as: DATA C131A

  STAT 133 Concepts in Computing with Data 3 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023
  An introduction to computationally intensive applied statistics. Topics will include organization and use of databases, visualization and graphics, statistical learning and data mining, model validation procedures, and the presentation of results. This course uses R as its primary computing language; details are determined by the instructor.
  Concepts in Computing with Data: Read More [+]

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 10 weeks - 4 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 134 Concepts of Probability 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
  An introduction to probability, emphasizing concepts and applications. Conditional expectation, independence, laws of large numbers. Discrete and continuous random variables. Central limit theorem. Selected topics such as the Poisson process, Markov chains, characteristic functions.
  Concepts of Probability: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: One year of calculus

  Credit Restrictions: Students will not receive credit for 134 after taking 140 or 201A.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 4 hours of discussion per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 135 Concepts of Statistics 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
  A comprehensive survey course in statistical theory and methodology. Topics include descriptive statistics, maximum likelihood estimation, non-parametric methods, introduction to optimality, goodness-of-fit tests, analysis of variance, bootstrap and computer-intensive methods and least squares estimation. The laboratory includes computer-based data-analytic applications to science and engineering.
  Concepts of Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: STAT 134 or STAT 140; and MATH 54, EL ENG 16A, STAT 89A, MATH 110 or equivalent linear algebra. Strongly recommended corerequisite: STAT 133

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 4 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT C140 Probability for Data Science 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
  An introduction to probability, emphasizing the combined use of mathematics and programming. Discrete and continuous families of distributions. Bounds and approximations. Transforms and convergence. Markov chains and Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Dependence, conditioning, Bayesian methods. Maximum likelihood, least squares prediction, the multivariate normal, and multiple regression. Random permutations, symmetry, and order statistics. Use of numerical computation, graphics, simulation, and computer algebra.
  Probability for Data Science: Read More [+]

  Objectives & Outcomes

  Course Objectives: Data/Stat C140 is a probability course for Data C8 graduates who have taken more mathematics and wish to go deeper into data science. The emphasis on simulation and the bootstrap in Data C8 gives students a concrete sense of randomness and sampling variability. Data/Stat C140 capitalizes on this, abstraction and computation complementing each other throughout. Topics in statistical theory are included to allow students to proceed to modeling and statistical learning classes without taking a further semester of mathematical statistics.

  Student Learning Outcomes: Understand the difference between math and simulation, and appreciate the power of both
  Use a variety of approaches to problem solving
  Work with probability concepts algebraically, numerically, and graphically

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: DATA/COMPSCI/INFO/STAT C8, or both STAT 20 and one of COMPSCI 61A or COMPSCI/DATA C88C with C- or better, or Pass; and one year of calculus at the level of MATH 1A-1B or higher, with C- or better, or Pass. Corequisite: MATH 54, MATH 56, EECS 16B, MATH 110 or equivalent linear algebra (C- or better, or Pass, required if completed prior to enrollment in Data/Stat C140)

  Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for STAT C140 after completing STAT 134, or EECS 126.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring:
  15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture, 1-1 hours of discussion, 1-1 hours of supplement, and 0-1 hours of voluntary per week
  15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture, 2-2 hours of discussion, 0-0 hours of supplement, and 0-1 hours of voluntary per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  Formerly known as: Statistics 140

  Also listed as: DATA C140

  STAT 150 Stochastic Processes 3 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023
  Random walks, discrete time Markov chains, Poisson processes. Further topics such as: continuous time Markov chains, queueing theory, point processes, branching processes, renewal theory, stationary processes, Gaussian processes.
  Stochastic Processes: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: 101 or 103A or 134

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 151A Linear Modelling: Theory and Applications 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023
  A coordinated treatment of linear and generalized linear models and their application. Linear regression, analysis of variance and covariance, random effects, design and analysis of experiments, quality improvement, log-linear models for discrete multivariate data, model selection, robustness, graphical techniques, productive use of computers, in-depth case studies. This course uses either R or Python as its primary computing language, as determined by the instructor.
  Linear Modelling: Theory and Applications: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: STAT 135. STAT 133 recommended

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 152 Sampling Surveys 4 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2020, Spring 2019, Spring 2018
  Theory and practice of sampling from finite populations. Simple random, stratified, cluster, and double sampling. Sampling with unequal probabilities. Properties of various estimators including ratio, regression, and difference estimators. Error estimation for complex samples.
  Sampling Surveys: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: 101 or 134. 133 and 135 recommended

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 153 Introduction to Time Series 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023
  An introduction to time series analysis in the time domain and spectral domain. Topics will include: estimation of trends and seasonal effects, autoregressive moving average models, forecasting, indicators, harmonic analysis, spectra. This course uses either R or Python as its primary computing language, as determined by the instructor.
  Introduction to Time Series: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: 134 or consent of instructor. 133 or 135 recommended

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 154 Modern Statistical Prediction and Machine Learning 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023
  Theory and practice of statistical prediction. Contemporary methods as extensions of classical methods. Topics: optimal prediction rules, the curse of dimensionality, empirical risk, linear regression and classification, basis expansions, regularization, splines, the bootstrap, model selection, classification and regression trees, boosting, support vector machines. Computational efficiency versus predictive performance. Emphasis on experience with real data and assessing statistical assumptions. This course uses Python as its primary computing language; details are determined by the instructor.
  Modern Statistical Prediction and Machine Learning: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Mathematics 53 or equivalent; Mathematics 54, Electrical Engineering 16A, Statistics 89A, Mathematics 110 or equivalent linear algebra; Statistics 135, the combination of Data/Stat C140 and Data/Stat/Compsci C100, or equivalent; experience with some programming language. Recommended prerequisite: Mathematics 55 or equivalent exposure to counting arguments

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Summer: 10 weeks - 4.5 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 155 Game Theory 3 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
  General theory of zero-sum, two-person games, including games in extensive form and continuous games, and illustrated by detailed study of examples.
  Game Theory: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: 101 or 134

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week

  Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 156 Causal Inference 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
  This course will focus on approaches to causal inference using the potential outcomes framework. It will also use causal diagrams at an intuitive level. The main topics are classical randomized experiments, observational studies, instrumental variables, principal stratification and mediation analysis. Applications are drawn from a variety of fields including political science, economics, sociology, public health, and medicine. This course is a mix of statistical theory and data analysis. Students will be exposed to statistical questions that are relevant to decision and policy making. This course uses R as its primary computing language; details are determined by the instructor.
  Causal Inference: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Statistics 135

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 157 Seminar on Topics in Probability and Statistics 3 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
  Substantial student participation required. The topics to be covered each semester that the course may be offered will be announced by the middle of the preceding semester; see departmental bulletins. Recent topics include: Bayesian statistics, statistics and finance, random matrix theory, high-dimensional statistics.
  Seminar on Topics in Probability and Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Mathematics 53-54, Statistics 134, 135. Knowledge of scientific computing environment (R or Matlab) often required. Prerequisites might vary with instructor and topics

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit with instructor consent.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of seminar per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 158 Experimental Design 4 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Spring 2021
  This course will review the statistical foundations of randomized experiments and study principles for addressing common setbacks in experimental design and analysis in practice. We will cover the notion of potential outcomes for causal inference and the Fisherian principles for experimentation (randomization, blocking, and replications). We will also cover experiments with complex structures (clustering in units, factorial design, hierarchy in treatments, sequential assignment, etc). We will also address practical complications in experiments, including noncompliance, missing data, and measurement error. This course uses R as its primary computing language; details are determined by the instructor.
  
  Experimental Design: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Statistics 134 and Statistics 135 and experience with Software R, or consent of instructor

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

  STAT 159 Reproducible and Collaborative Statistical Data Science 4 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021
  A project-based introduction to statistical data analysis. Through case studies, computer laboratories, and a term project, students will learn practical techniques and tools for producing statistically sound and appropriate, reproducible, and verifiable computational answers to scientific questions. Course emphasizes version control, testing, process automation, code review, and collaborative programming. Software tools may include Bash , Git, Python, and LaTeX.
  Reproducible and Collaborative Statistical Data Science: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Statistics 133, Statistics 134, and Statistics 135 (or equivalent)

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternative to final exam.

  STAT 165 Forecasting 3 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2024
  Forecasting has been used to predict elections, climate change, and the spread of COVID-19. Poor forecasts led to the 2008 financial crisis. In our daily lives, good forecasting ability can help us plan our work, be on time to events, and make informed career decisions. This practically-oriented class will provide students with tools to make good forecasts, including Fermi estimates, calibration training, base rates, scope sensitivity, and power laws. This course uses Python as its primary computing language; details are determined by the instructor.
  Forecasting: Read More [+]

  Objectives & Outcomes

  Course Objectives: Discuss several historical instances of successful and unsuccessful forecasts.
  Practice making forecasts about our own lives, about current events, and about scientific progress

  Student Learning Outcomes: Formulate questions that are relevant to their own life or work.
  Identify well-defined versus poorly-defined forecasting questions.
  Provide forecasts that are well-calibrated.
  Understand common forecasting pitfalls, such as improper independence assumptions, and how to identify and guard against them.
  Understand how forecasts evolve across time in response to new information.
  Use forecasts to inform decisions.
  Utilize a variety of forecasting tools, such as base rates, to improve their forecasts.
  Utilize and filter data across a variety of sources to inform their forecasts.
  Work in teams to improve forecasts.

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Stat 134, Data/Stat C140, EECS 126, Math 106, IND ENG 172, or equivalent; and familiarity with Python; or consent of instructor. Strongly Recommended: Compsci 61A, Data/Compsci C88C, or equivalent

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternative to final exam.

  STAT H195 Special Study for Honors Candidates 1 - 4 Units

  Rules & Requirements

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 1-5 hours of independent study per week
  8 weeks - 1-4 hours of independent study per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam not required.

  STAT 197 Field Study in Statistics 0.5 - 3 Units

  Terms offered: Fall 2021, Fall 2020, Spring 2017
  Supervised experience relevant to specific aspects of statistics in on-campus or off-campus settings. Individual and/or group meetings with faculty.
  Field Study in Statistics: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Credit Restrictions: Enrollment is restricted; see the Introduction to Courses and Curricula section of this catalog.

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2-9 hours of fieldwork per week

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 3-22 hours of fieldwork per week
  8 weeks - 2-16 hours of fieldwork per week
  10 weeks - 2-12 hours of fieldwork per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam not required.

  STAT 198 Directed Study for Undergraduates 1 - 3 Units

  Terms offered: Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
  Special tutorial or seminar on selected topics.
  Directed Study for Undergraduates: Read More [+]

  Rules & Requirements

  Prerequisites: Consent of instructor

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of directed group study per week

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 2.5-7.5 hours of directed group study per week
  8 weeks - 1.5-5.5 hours of directed group study per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam not required.

  STAT 199 Supervised Independent Study and Research 1 - 3 Units

  Rules & Requirements

  Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

  Hours & Format

  Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week

  Summer:
  6 weeks - 1-4 hours of independent study per week
  8 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week
  10 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week

  Additional Details

  Subject/Course Level: Statistics/Undergraduate

  Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam not required.